With the development of science and technology, the medical technology of medical profession is constantly improving and advancing. Medical examination equipment is also gradually moving towards precision and intelligence. Today, we are going to take stock of the four distinguishing specifications of medical endoscopes.

醫用內窺鏡——是醫療職業中常用來查找病因的一種檢查設備。可經過人體的天然孔道，或者是經過手術的小切口，使內窺鏡鏡頭進入到人體體內進行拍照，再經過相應的顯現設備來顯現鏡頭所拍照到的畫面，然后可以更直觀，精確地觀察人體體內的狀況或變化，以便于更快速地找出病因，對癥下藥。

Medical endoscopy is a kind of examination equipment often used to find the cause of disease in medical profession. The endoscope lens can enter into the human body for taking photos through the natural pore of the human body or through the small incision of the operation, and then display the pictures taken by the lens through the corresponding display equipment, and then observe the condition or change of the human body more intuitively and accurately, so as to find out the cause of the disease more quickly and prescribe the medicine according to the case.

而關于醫用內窺鏡品種，由于其是需要進入體內的醫療器械產品，所以從出產到運用整個進程的要求都十分嚴厲，品種區分規范也很嚴厲，而且還比較多。主要的品種區分規范大致有以下四種：

As for the variety of medical endoscope, because it is a medical device product that needs to enter the body, the requirements of the whole process from production to application are very strict, and the specification of variety differentiation is also very strict, and there are many. There are four main specifications for species differentiation:

一、按醫用內窺鏡所抵達的部位

1、 According to the position of medical endoscope

可分為耳鼻醫用內窺鏡、皮膚檢測醫用內窺鏡、眼睛醫用內窺鏡、口腔內窺鏡、牙科內窺鏡、神經鏡、尿道膀胱鏡、電切鏡、腹腔鏡、關節鏡、鼻竇鏡、喉鏡等。

It can be divided into otorhino medical endoscope, skin detection medical endoscope, eye medical endoscope, oral endoscope, dental endoscope, NeuroScope, urethrocystoscope, electrosurgery, laparoscope, arthroscope, sinusoscope, laryngoscope, etc.
二、按醫用內窺鏡的開展及成像構造

2、 According to the development and imaging structure of medical endoscope

可大體分為3大類：硬管式內窺鏡、纖維內窺鏡、電子內窺鏡。

It can be roughly divided into three categories: hard tube endoscope, fiber endoscope and electronic endoscope.

纖維內窺鏡：由內窺鏡鏡體和冷光源兩部分組成，鏡體內有兩條光導纖維束: 一條叫光束，另一條叫像束，一端對準目鏡，另一端經過物鏡片對準被觀測物表面，醫生經過目鏡可以十分直觀地看到臟器表面的狀況，便于及時精確地確診病況。

Fiber endoscope: it is composed of two parts: the endoscope body and cold light source. There are two optical fiber bundles in the endoscope body: one is called light beam, the other is called image bundle, one end is aimed at the eyepiece, the other end is aimed at the observed object surface through the object lens, the doctor can see the condition of the organ surface through the eyepiece very intuitively, which is convenient for timely and accurate diagnosis of the disease.

電子內窺鏡：不再以光纖傳像，而代之以光敏集成電路攝像體系，主要所能顯現的不但影像質量好，光亮度強，而且圖畫大，可以檢查出更細小的病變，而且電子內窺鏡的外徑更細，圖畫愈加清晰和直觀，操作方便。

Electronic endoscope: instead of optical fiber image transmission, it uses photosensitive integrated circuit camera system. What it can show is not only good image quality, strong brightness, but also large picture, which can detect smaller lesions. Moreover, the external diameter of electronic endoscope is smaller, the picture is clearer and more intuitive, and the operation is convenient.

三、按醫用內窺鏡的功用

3、 According to the function of medical endoscope

可分為單功用鏡及多功用鏡。

It can be divided into single function mirror and multi-function mirror.

單功用鏡：是指沒有作業通道，僅有光學體系的觀察鏡;

Single work mirror: refers to the observation mirror with no operation channel and only optical system;

多功用鏡：是指除了具有觀察鏡的功用為，在同一鏡身，還具有至少一個以上的作業通道，具有照明、手術、沖刷及招引等多種功用。

Multi function mirror: it refers to the function of the observation mirror. In the same mirror body, it also has at least one operation channel, with lighting, operation, flushing and attracting functions.

四、按醫用內窺鏡鏡身能否改變方向

4、 According to whether the medical endoscope body can change direction

臨床上依據內窺鏡鏡身能否改變方向進行分類：分為硬質鏡和彈性軟鏡兩種。硬質鏡為棱鏡光學體系，最大長處是成像清晰，可配多個作業通道，選取多個視角。

Clinically, it can be classified according to whether the endoscope body can change its direction: it can be divided into two types: rigid mirror and flexible flexible mirror. Hard mirror is a prism optical system, the biggest advantage is clear imaging, it can be equipped with multiple operation channels, select multiple perspectives.

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